Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41505546›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2026

Facial gestures are enacted through a cortical hierarchy of dynamic and stable codes.

Geena R Ianni, Yuriria Vázquez, Adam G Rouse, Marc H Schieber, Yifat Prut, Winrich A Freiwald

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Geena R Ianni *Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6514-5193
Yuriria Vázquez *Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4198-1135
Adam G RouseDepartment of Neurosurgery, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3785-1442
Marc H SchieberDepartment of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4315-8161
Yifat PrutThe Ruth & Stan Flinkman Family Chair in Brain Research, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-1988-8794
Winrich A FreiwaldLaboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8456-5030

Funding

Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering MST ProgramT32GM007739 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI HSU, KATHARINE C · 1985 to 2023
$51.1M
Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering MST ProgramT32GM152349 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI KATHARINE C HSU · 2024 to 2026
$6.6M
Motor Compositionality in the Control of Facial MovementsR01NS110901 · NINDS · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI FREIWALD, WINRICH · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
"Cortical control of facial expression production"F30MH122157 · NIMH · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI IANNI, GEENA · 2020 to 2023
$206k
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007739NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152349NIMH NIH HHS F30 MH122157NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS110901
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Facial gestures are one fundamental set of communicative behaviors in primates, generated through the dynamic arrangement of many fine muscles. Anatomy shows that facial muscles are under direct control from multiple cortical regions, and studies of patients with focal lesions suggest that lateral frontal cortices control voluntary movements and medial emotional expressions. By directly measuring single-neuron activity from both sets of areas, we found that lateral and medial cortical face motor regions encode both types of gestures. They do so through area-specific temporal activity patterns, distinguishable well prior to movement onset. Our results show that cortical regions projecting in parallel downstream form a continuum of gesture coding, from dynamic to temporally stable, to produce socially appropriate motor outputs during communication.

Indexed as

Facial ExpressionFacial MusclesGesturesMotor CortexAnimalsMacaca mulattaMaleNeurons

Identifiers

PMID41505546
PMCPMC13056115

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.