Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41505256›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

A human tumor-immune organoid model of glioblastoma.

Shivani Baisiwala, Elisa Fazzari, Matthew X Li, Antoni Martija, Daria J Azizad, Lu Sun, Gilbert Herrera, Trinh Phan, Amber Monteleone, Ryan L Kan and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Organoids-on-a-Chip: An Integrating New Technology for Drug Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Shivani BaisiwalaDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: sbaisiwala@mednet.ucla.edu.
Elisa FazzariDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Matthew X LiDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Antoni MartijaDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Daria J AzizadDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lu SunDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gilbert HerreraDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Trinh PhanDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Amber MonteleoneDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ryan L KanDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
David A NathansonDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anthony C WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Won KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Richard G EversonDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kunal S PatelDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Linda M LiauDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Robert M PrinsDepartment of Neurosurgery, UCLA Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Aparna BhaduriDepartment of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: abhaduri@mednet.ucla.edu.

Funding

UCLA SPORE in Brain CancerP50CA211015 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Yvonne Yu-Hsuan Chen · 2017 to 2026
$25.2M
TUMOR CELL SURFACES AND CHROMOSOMEST32CA009056 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Gay M Crooks, David A. Nathanson · 1985 to 2026
$10.5M
UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM152342 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Olujimi A Ajijola, David Wayne Dawson · 2024 to 2026
$5.3M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA211015NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009056NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM152342
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A major obstacle to identifying effective therapies for the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma is the lack of human-specific, immunocompetent models that reflect the human tumor microenvironment. To address this, we developed the immune-human organoid tumor transplantation (iHOTT) model, an autologous co-culture platform that integrates patient-derived tumor cells and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells within human cortical organoids to enable the study of patient-specific immune responses and tumor-immune interactions. This platform preserves tumor and immune populations, immune signaling, and cell-cell interactions observed in patient tumors. Treatment of iHOTT with pembrolizumab, a checkpoint inhibitor, mirrors cell-type shifts and cell-cell interactions observed in patients. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing further reveals pembrolizumab-driven expansion of stem-like CD4 T cell clonotypes exhibiting patient-specific repertoires. These findings establish iHOTT as a physiologically relevant platform for exploring autologous tumor-immune interactions and underscore the need for antigen-targeted strategies to enhance immunotherapy in glioblastoma.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaModels, BiologicalOrganoidsAnimalsAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedCoculture TechniquesHumansReceptors, Antigen, T-CellTumor MicroenvironmentAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedpembrolizumabReceptors, Antigen, T-CellCP: cancerCP: immunologyglioblastomaimmune checkpoint blockadepatient-derived organoidspembrolizumabsingle-cell RNA sequencingtumor-immune modelstumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41505256
PMCPMC12969483

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.