Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41505234›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Characterizing amyloid and tau positron emission tomography-based stages across the clinical continuum.

Karly A Cody, Andrzej Sokołowski, Emily Johns, Lucah Medina Guerra, Joseph R Winer, Christina B Young, Kyan Younes, Logan Dumitrescu, Derek B Archer, Alaina Durant and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Characterizing amyloid and tau positron emission tomography-based stages across the clinical continuum.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Karly A CodyDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-2560
Andrzej SokołowskiDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Emily JohnsDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Lucah Medina GuerraDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Joseph R WinerDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Christina B YoungDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Kyan YounesDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Logan DumitrescuVanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Derek B ArcherVanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Alaina DurantVanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Aditi SatheVanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Mary Ellen I KoranDepartment of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Jesse MezDepartment of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Andrew J SaykinIndiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Arthur TogaAlzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Michael CuccaroDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Duygu TosunDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Philip S InselDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sterling C JohnsonAlzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Theresa M HarrisonNeuroscience Department, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Timothy J HohmanVanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Elizabeth C MorminoDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
Technology and Remote Assessment CoreU19AG063911 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI ADAM L. BOXER, Bradley F Boeve · 2019 to 2026
$120.9M
National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD)U24AG021886 · NIA · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI TATIANA M. FOROUD · 2002 to 2026
$119.8M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
ADRC Consortium for Clarity in ADRD Research Through ImagingU01AG082350 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Sarah Biber, BRADFORD C DICKERSON · 2023 to 2026
$90.0M
Early Onset AD Consortium - the LEAD Study (LEADS)U01AG057195 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI APOSTOLOVA, LIANA G, CARRILLO, MARIA C · 2018 to 2023
$70.3M
Smartphone-Based "Burst" Cognitive AssessmentsP01AG003991 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Tammie Lee Smith Benzinger · 1985 to 2026
$69.5M
The Clinical Significance of Incidental White Matter Lesions on MRI Amongst a Diverse Population with Cognitive Complaints (INDEED)U19NS120384 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI DAVID K JOHNSON · 2020 to 2026
$61.9M
THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF INTRA-NASAL INSULIN DETEMIRP50AG005136 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GRABOWSKI, THOMAS J. · 1985 to 2019
$57.2M
The natural history of AB accumulation in preclinical ADP01AG026276 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MORRIS, JOHN · 2005 to 2025
$49.5M
SUPPLEMENT TO RUSH ALZHEIMERS DISEASE CENTER COREP30AG010161 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI LEURGANS, SUE E. · 1991 to 2020
$49.1M
Satellite Diagnostic and Treatment Clinic CoreP50AG008702 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 1989 to 2019
$46.3M
Alzheimer's Association AACSF-24-1307411Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC) R01AG059716Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC) U01AG068057Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC) U24AG074855Cleveland ADRC P20AG068053Emory University P30AG066511Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site (NIAGADS) U24AG041689Indiana University P30 AG10133Indiana University R01 AG19771Indiana University Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesNational Alzheimer's Coordinating Center U24AG072122National Centralized Repository (NCRAD) U24AG021886NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR021382New York University 30AG066512-01S2New York University R01AG056031New York University R01AG056531NIA NIH HHS K01 AG078443NIA NIH HHS K23 AG090733NIA NIH HHS K76 AG088554NIA NIH HHS K99 AG071837NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003991NIA NIH HHS P01 AG026276NIA NIH HHS P01 AG052350NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068053NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068077NIA NIH HHS P20 AG068082NIA NIH HHS P30 AG008017NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010129NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010133NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010161NIA NIH HHS P30 AG013846NIA NIH HHS P30 AG013854NIA NIH HHS P30 AG019610NIA NIH HHS P30 AG035982NIA NIH HHS P30 AG053760NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062422NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062428NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062429NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066506NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066507NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066511NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066512NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066514NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066515NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066518NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072931NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072947NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072958NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072972NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072976NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072980NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005133NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005136NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005142NIA NIH HHS P50 AG008702NIA NIH HHS P50 AG016573NIA NIH HHS P50 AG016574NIA NIH HHS P50 AG033514NIA NIH HHS P50 AG047266NIA NIH HHS P50 AG047270NIA NIH HHS P50 AG047366NIA NIH HHS R01 AG019771NIA NIH HHS R01 AG021155NIA NIH HHS R01 AG021910NIA NIH HHS R01 AG027161NIA NIH HHS R01 AG043434NIA NIH HHS R01 AG045571NIA NIH HHS R01 AG052560NIA NIH HHS R01 AG053509NIA NIH HHS R01 AG053993NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054110NIA NIH HHS R01 AG055005NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056031NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056258NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056531NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058724NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059716NIA NIH HHS R01 AG061788NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062276NIA NIH HHS R01 AG067781NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068338NIA NIH HHS R01 AG069453NIA NIH HHS R01 AG073235NIA NIH HHS R01 AG077444NIA NIH HHS R35 AG072262NIA NIH HHS R56 AG045571NIA NIH HHS R56 AG074321NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIA NIH HHS U01 AG057195NIA NIH HHS U01 AG068057NIA NIH HHS U01 AG082350NIA NIH HHS U19 AG063911NIA NIH HHS U19 AG073153NIA NIH HHS U24 AG021886NIA NIH HHS U24 AG041689NIA NIH HHS U24 AG067418NIA NIH HHS U24 AG072122NIA NIH HHS U24 AG074855NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB009352NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC008552NIH HHS S10 OD026738NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH071616NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS098577NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075075NINDS NIH HHS U19 NS120384NLM NIH HHS T15 LM007056P20; University of California P30AG062429P20; University of California P30 AG10129RRD VA I01 RX001534RRD VA I21 RX001381Rush University P30AG066515U24 AG067418U24 AG069453U24 AG072980University of Alabama, BirminghamUniversity of California, San Francisco P30 AG028283-15S1University of California, San Francisco P30AG053760University of California, San Francisco P30AG072931University of Michigan Site PI Henry Paulson 1I01RX001534University of Michigan Site PI Henry Paulson AG058724University of Michigan Site PI Henry Paulson IRX001381University of Michigan Site PI Henry Paulson S10OD026738-01University of Michigan Site PI Henry Paulson W81XWH2110743University of Pennsylvania 2019NF4100087335Vanderbilt University P30AG072947Washington University, St. Louis AG026276Washington University, St. Louis AG047270Washington University, St. Louis P01 AG03991Washington University, St. Louis P20 MH071616Washington University, St. Louis P30AG066506-03Washington University, St. Louis R01AG052560Washington University, St. Louis R01AG062276Webb Family Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe standardized positron emission tomography (PET) data across multiple cohorts and tracers to characterize the frequency of amyloid and tau PET severity along the clinical continuum.

methodsClinical stage was defined using cohort-specific criteria and included cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Amyloid severity was staged using Centiloids (CL). Tau severity was staged using a hierarchical Braak-based schema. The cumulative probabilities of PET-based stages were estimated using ordinal logistic regressions.

resultsAmong 10,396 individuals (mean [standard deviation] age: 71.9 [7.1] years), amyloid levels ≥ 25 CL increased with age among CU and MCI, while amyloid levels ≥ 100 CL were most common in dementia. In 3295 with tau PET, tau severity increased with amyloid and clinical stage and showed complex associations with age. Within each clinical stage, the full spectrum of amyloid and tau PET severity was observed. DISCUSSION: PET-based staging revealed heterogeneous amyloid and tau burden along the clinical continuum. HIGHLIGHTS: PET-based staging is feasible across multiple cohorts and PET tracers. There is heterogeneity in amyloid and tau severity across the clinical spectrum. The frequency of amyloid and tau PET severity increased with clinical severity. The likelihood of tau PET severity differed by age, amyloid, and clinical severity.

Indexed as

AmyloidCognitive DysfunctionPositron-Emission TomographySeverity of Illness Indextau ProteinsAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsBrainCohort StudiesFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleRadioactive TracersAmyloidRadioactive Tracerstau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseamyloidPETtau

Identifiers

PMID41505234
PMCPMC12782155

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.