ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2026
Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Isolates Responsible for Invasive Infections in Poland in 2018-2023.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHaemophilus influenzae is a human-specific Gram-negative bacterium responsible for respiratory tract infection, sepsis, and meningitis. The study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, serotype distribution, and mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance among invasive H. influenzae strains isolated in Poland from 2018 to 2023.
methodsInvasive H. influenzae isolates were received from patients with positive culture results from blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and pleural fluid. Sample data were obtained from the Polish laboratory surveillance system. For all isolates screening test for beta-lactam resistance was performed and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clinically relevant antibiotics were determined using antibiotic gradient strips. For isolates with inhibition zone P 1U < 12 mm (n = 133), whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed.
resultsMost strains of H. influenzae were isolated from blood (90.7%). Non-typeable Hinf (NTHi) strains were responsible for most invasive disease in all age groups and accounted for 85.7% (342/399) of all cases. Capsulated isolates constituted 14.3%; among them the most common serotype was type f (Hif; 64.9%), followed by serotypes: e (Hie; 19.3%), b (Hib; 14.0%), and d (Hid; 1.8%). Of the 399 isolates collected between 2018 and 2023, 15.8% and 1.0% were resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime, respectively. Resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin using the meningitis breakpoint was detected in 4.3% and 1.8% strains, respectively. All isolates showed susceptibility to chloramphenicol. Resistance to rifampicin characterized 3.8% of isolates tested. The Cefinase test revealed beta-lactamase production in 8.8% of isolates.
conclusionsIn our study NTHi predominated among invasive cases across all age groups, especially among elderly patients, similarly to other countries. β-Lactam resistance among studies strains has remained stable over the years. Recently, however, resistance to third-generation cephalosporins has emerged. Continuous surveillance and a rational antibiotic policy are essential to address H. influenzae resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.