SynthesisInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2026
Comparison of cancer risks associated with JAK inhibitors and TNF inhibitors treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world cohort studies.
Synthesis in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Does acute inflammation triggered by infection promote cancer progression?PLoS biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPotential increased cancer risk associated with janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) compared with anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a concern. Published cohort studies have reported conflicting results, and the discrepancies between randomized trials and real-world data remain unclear. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess this association. MATERIAL/
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for cohort studies up to January 31, 2025, comparing JAKi with TNFi and reporting cancer outcomes in RA patients. The primary outcome was overall cancer risk, and secondary outcomes included site-specific cancers. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. The certainty of evidence (CoE) were assessed using the GRADE framework.
resultsWe included 5 cohort studies with 137,640 RA patients. Compared to TNFi, JAKi did not increase the risk of overall cancers (pooled HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.81-1.37; CoE: very low). Regarding secondary outcomes, JAKi was not linked to most cancers but increased the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41; CoE: very low). The finding was consistent across multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
conclusionThis meta-analysis found no increase in overall cancer risk with JAKi compared to TNFi, but identified an increased risk of NMSC, suggesting the need for regular dermatologic surveillance.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.