Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41504830›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Vaccine therapy for pediatric high-grade glioma: current landscape, challenges, and future directions.

Stuart D Harper, Jacob A Alderete, Shivani Baisiwala, Bianca H Bergsneider, Linda M Liau, Anthony C Wang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stuart D Harper *Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jacob A Alderete *Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Shivani BaisiwalaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Bianca H BergsneiderWarren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Linda M LiauDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Anthony C WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. ACWang@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-6257

Funding

UCLA SPORE in Brain CancerP50CA211015 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Yvonne Yu-Hsuan Chen · 2017 to 2026
$25.2M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA211015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are among the most aggressive childhood brain tumors, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Vaccine-based immunotherapy offers a promising strategy by leveraging tumor-specific or associated antigens to stimulate durable anti-tumor immune responses with minimal toxicity. DISCUSSION: This review outlines the scientific rationale for vaccine therapies in pHGG, detailing key targets such as glioma-associated antigens (EphA2, IL-13Rα2, survivin), driver mutation–derived neoantigens (H3.3K27M, TP53, IDH1), and viral antigens (CMV pp65). We evaluate current vaccine platforms, including peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines, and neoantigen-personalized approaches, highlighting early-phase clinical trial results that demonstrate safety and immunogenicity. Despite encouraging preliminary data, several challenges hinder clinical translation, including the distinct immune environment in the central nervous system, intratumoral heterogeneity, low mutational burden, immunosuppressive microenvironments, steroid use, and logistical hurdles in vaccine production and trial design. Future research must address these barriers through optimized antigen selection, combinatorial therapies, novel delivery systems, and pediatric-specific immune profiling.

conclusionWith continued multidisciplinary collaboration, vaccine therapies may emerge as a meaningful addition to the therapeutic arsenal for children with pHGG.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsCancer VaccinesGliomaImmunotherapyAntigens, NeoplasmChildHumansAntigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesGlioma-associated antigensmRNA vaccinesNeoantigen vaccinesPediatric high-grade gliomaPeptide vaccinesVaccine immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41504830
PMCPMC12783312

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.