ArticleJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2026
Type I-interferon β induces a strong anti-tumour response in bladder cancer cells.
Article in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeFor non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a standard therapy. With a still unclear mechanism, instillation activates the innate immune system, resulting in an immunological effect on the tumour. The aim of this work was to investigate which bladder cancer (BLCA) cells can be activated by interferon (IFN) exposure.
methodsThe BLCA cell lines RT4 and SW780 were stimulated with IFN-α2, -β and -λ1 over 4-72 h. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of IFN receptor subunits (RS) and selected interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the activation of the IFN responsive element (ISRE). Different signal transduction molecules of the JAK/STAT pathway were assessed by Western Blot to prove its activation in BLCA cells. The viability of the stimulated cells was measured by WST-1 assay and the apoptosis induction by caspase-3/7 assay.
resultsThe JAK/STAT pathway was activated via the four RS. Upon long-term treatment, type I and type III IFNs significantly induced increased ISG expression and apoptosis induction of RT4 and SW780 cells, emphasising their antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activity. This activation was mediated by ISRE. IFN-β activated the JAK/STAT pathway with the greatest potency, highlighting its superior efficacy in modulating cellular responses in BLCA.
conclusionActivation of the innate immune system has the ability to trigger further infiltration of the tumour microenvironment (TME) with immune cells, which positively influence the TME in its type, density and immunofunctional orientation against BLCA.
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