Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41504084›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Engineering Iridium-Ruthenium Dual-Atomic Active Sites on Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosted Overall Water Splitting.

Lei Ran, Yifan Xu, Yue Zhang, Jinsong Zhou, Mingzi Sun, Yingguang Zhang, Bei Ran, Chengxu Zhang, Jue Hu, Bolong Huang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lei RanSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-4801
Yifan XuSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-9789
Yue ZhangFaculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Jinsong ZhouSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Mingzi SunDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Yingguang ZhangSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Bei RanSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chengxu ZhangFaculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Jue HuFaculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3874
Bolong HuangDepartment of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-2002
Michael K H LeungSchool of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5023-8899

Funding

Departmental General Research Fund of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ZVULInnovation and Technology Fund PRP/002/21FXNational Key R&D Program of China 2021YFA1501101National Natural Science Foundation of China 21875200National Natural Science Foundation of China 22088102National Natural Science Foundation of China 22102015National Natural Science Foundation of China 22378279National Natural Science Foundation of China 52364041National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Collaborative Research Scheme CRS_PolyU504/22National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province 202301AV070072Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2023A1515012219Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2025A1515011976Ningbo Municipal Government Innovation 2025 Scheme 2018B10023Projects of Strategic Importance of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 1-ZE2VResearch Grant Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme N_PolyU502/21Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China 11206520Shenzhen Knowledge Innovation Program JCYJ20190808181205752Shenzhen Knowledge Innovation Program JCYJ20220531090807017Shenzhen Knowledge Innovation Program JCYJ20250604185758077
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The achievement of conductive bifunctional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for overall water splitting remains challenging due to the lack of multifunctional active sites. Herein, the atomically dispersed electroactive iridium-ruthenium dual-active sites are anchored on donor-acceptor-based redox-active COF (Ace and TAPT, IrRu DAS/AT-COF) as a pyrolysis-free electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis application. The as-synthesized IrRu DAS/AT-COF exhibits robust bifunctional activities and stability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 m KOH, surpassing the benchmarks and most recent noble-metal-based catalysts. Operando spectroscopy and theoretical calculations unveil the multiple active sites separation mechanism on IrRu DAS/AT-COF, where the giant multifunctional active-site synergistic enhancement (MASE) effect was triggered by the intramolecular compensating electronic modulations between the Ir

Indexed as

active sites separation mechanismcovalent organic frameworksdual‐atom catalystsintramolecular compensating electronic modulationsoverall water splitting

Identifiers

PMID41504084
PMCPMC12954382

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.