ReviewRSC advances2026
Upconversion materials: a new frontier in solar water-splitting.
Review in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Limited utilization of the solar spectrum is a major bottleneck in photocatalytic water-splitting, as most semiconductor photocatalysts only harness UV or visible light, leaving a large fraction of infrared photons unused. Upconversion materials have emerged as a promising solution by converting two or more low-energy photons into a single higher-energy photon, thereby extending the photoresponse of water-splitting systems. This review provides a technical overview of the two leading upconversion strategies for solar hydrogen generation: lanthanide (Ln)-based upconversion phosphors and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion systems, including purely organic and metal-organic approaches. We discuss how Ln-doped upconverters can enable near-infrared-driven photocatalysis, while highlighting their efficiency limitations under 1-sun illumination. We then examine TTA-based upconversion, which leverages molecular sensitizer-emitter pairs to achieve efficient upconversion under solar light intensities, and summarize recent demonstrations of TTA systems boosting H
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Registered trials
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