Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41503024›Full record

ReviewMedComm2026

Mastering Organoid Growth: A Complete Guide to Overcoming Methodological Challenges.

Chunbao Jiao, Omer Faruk Karakaya, Neda Dadgar, Chase J Wehrle, Zahra Massoud, Hanna Hong, Robert L Fairchild, Nic Leipzig, Federico Aucejo, Wen Wee Ma and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in MedComm, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Chunbao JiaoDepartment of Inflammation and Immunity Cleveland Clinic Research Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.
Omer Faruk KarakayaDepartment of Inflammation and Immunity Cleveland Clinic Research Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.
Neda DadgarCleveland Clinic Foundation Enterprise Cancer Institute Translational Hematology & Oncology Research Cleveland Ohio USA.
Chase J WehrleTransplantation Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.
Zahra MassoudCIR Centre for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Hanna HongCleveland Clinic Foundation Enterprise Cancer Institute Translational Hematology & Oncology Research Cleveland Ohio USA.
Robert L FairchildDepartment of Inflammation and Immunity Cleveland Clinic Research Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.
Nic LeipzigDepartment of Chemical The University of Akron Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Akron Ohio USA.
Federico AucejoTransplantation Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.
Wen Wee MaCleveland Clinic Foundation Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Ohio USA.
Jan Joseph MelenhorstCleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland Clinic Research Center For Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology Cleveland Ohio USA.
Sofia Ferreira GonzalesCIR Centre for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Andrea SchlegelDepartment of Inflammation and Immunity Cleveland Clinic Research Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Organoid technology has become among the most popular technologies in recent years, due to their three-dimensional and physiologically enriching models that closely mimic the structure and function of human organs. Herein, this review details the in-depth methodology, updated to date, for the efficient cultivation of organoids. Emphasizing liver organoids, both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte derived, and other abdominal organ systems, such as gut, kidney, and pancreas, we explore the technological challenges researchers are facing nowadays, including how to optimize nutrient delivery, maintain cellular diversity, achieve scalability in the organoid culture system, and high-throughput applications. Addressing those biological and technological complexities, this review aimed at equipping new researchers with practical insights and standardized protocols that will help improve reproducibility and success rates in organoid culture and expand their applications. Furthermore, we discuss current limitations and barriers to clinical translation, highlight key knowledge gaps, and outline emerging innovations, including bioengineering, microfluidic systems, and genetic manipulation, expected to further enhance disease modeling, personalized medicine, and regenerative therapies. Finally, we provide perspective on next-generation technologies that expedite organoid-based discovery and development.

Indexed as

cholangiocytemethodologyorganoidorganoid applications

Identifiers

PMID41503024
PMCPMC12771668

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.