ArticleACS omega2025
Comparative Study of the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Particulates from Diesel and Gasoline Direct Injection Engines.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) from internal combustion engines poses substantial environmental and mechanical risks, yet systematic comparisons of PM properties across Stage VI engine types and existing forms remain limited. Herein, three typical PM samplesdiesel exhaust PM (DS), gasoline direct injection (GDI) exhaust PM (GS), and diesel lubricant-derived PM (LS)were comprehensively characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled with statistical validation via one-way ANOVA. All PM samples exhibited a core-shell nanostructure, but their structural parameters differed significantly: DS (57.8 ± 2.17 nm) had the thickest graphitic shell (14.39 nm) and lowest fractal dimension (1.71 ± 0.044); GS (45.5 ± 2.05 nm) showed the smallest size, thinnest shell (11.65 nm), and highest fractal dimension (1.79 ± 0.022); and LS (51.2 ± 2.92 nm) displayed friction/additive-modulated compactness (1.76 ± 0.036). Elementally, DS/GS were dominated by C/O, while LS uniquely contained lubricant-derived Ca (1.07 wt %), S, P, and Zn (primarily as CaSO
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