Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41502606›Full record

ReviewParkinson's disease2026

Fatigue-Inducing Protocols in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Gait Assessment and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Mahdi Majlesi, Elaheh Azadian, Nader Farahpour, Rezvan Bakhtiarian, Hadi Nobari

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Parkinson's disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mahdi MajlesiDepartment of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran, azad.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-4937
Elaheh AzadianDepartment of Motor Behavior, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran, azad.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-9208
Nader FarahpourDepartment of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, basu.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5883-7845
Rezvan BakhtiarianDepartment of Sport Biomechanics, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran, azad.ac.ir.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-2222
Hadi NobariLFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, upm.es.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7951-8977

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Fatigue is a common and disabling nonmotor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which significantly impacts gait and overall mobility. In spite of its clinical significance, the biomechanical consequences of different fatigue induction protocols on gait performance in PD are not yet well understood. Objective: To systematically review fatigue induction protocols in gait studies of individuals with PD and to examine how different types of fatigue (local, general, and cognitive) and assessment methods influence gait outcomes. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines registered under PROSPERO (CRD420251038246), five databases were systematically searched from January 2004 to March 2025. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed and analyzed through descriptive synthesis. Results: Repeated sit-to-stand tasks were the most effective in inducing lower-limb fatigue and produced consistent changes in gait, including reduced stride length, slower speed, and impaired turning. General aerobic or functional tasks had inconsistent effects, and no study directly tested cognitive fatigue on gait. Fatigue assessment methods varied widely, including force decline, perceived exertion, and fatigue scales. Gait outcome measures were also heterogeneous, limiting comparability. Conclusion: Targeted lower-limb fatigue protocols are effective in revealing gait impairments in PD. There is a clear need for standardized fatigue induction procedures and gait evaluation methods to improve consistency and comparability across research. Clinically, assessing gait under fatigue conditions may uncover subtle mobility impairments and inform more personalized rehabilitation strategies.

Indexed as

biomechanicsfatiguegait analysismobilityParkinson’s disease

Identifiers

PMID41502606
PMCPMC12771624

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.