Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41502579›Full record

ArticlePublic health in practice (Oxford, England)2026

Insights into cardiovascular health: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Ahmed A Mosa, Avan Saadi Saleh, Osama Abdullah M Taher, Yousif Hameed Ramadhan, Kani Fareeq Farooq, Hajar Hassan Abdulqadir, Jodi Ramadhan Haji, Rojeen Chalabi Khalid, Abdulrahman Ardalan Mahdi, Rojeen Abdullah Hasso and 8 more

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Article in Public health in practice (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Ahmed A MosaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Avan Saadi SalehDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Osama Abdullah M TaherAzadi Cardiac Center, Azadi Teaching Hospital, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Yousif Hameed RamadhanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Kani Fareeq FarooqCollege of Medicine, University of Duhok, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Hajar Hassan AbdulqadirDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Jodi Ramadhan HajiCollege of Medicine, University of Duhok, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Rojeen Chalabi KhalidDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Abdulrahman Ardalan MahdiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Rojeen Abdullah HassoDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Zainab Muhsin HusseinDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Banaz Ameen MosaIndependent Researcher, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Ogen Ashur YohannaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Arblina Adeeb YousifCollege of Medicine, of, Hawler Medical University, Hawler, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Ava Anwar M MaasumCollege of Medicine, University of Duhok, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Salmas S AhmedDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Ibrahim A NaqidDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, of, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Ameen M MohammadDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, of, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to explores the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors among the Iraqi Kurdistan population to identify gaps and guide public health strategies for better cardiovascular health outcomes. Study design: A population-based study. Methods: This population-based study was conducted in Duhok Province and the Zakho Independent Administration within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from April 20, 2024, to June 15, 2024. A total of 784 participants were enrolled in the study. Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews in various public settings using a questionnaire comprising 26 items divided into four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 32.48 ± 13.63 years. Females made up (54 %) of the sample, and more than half had university or postgraduate education. While a majority recognized smoking (92.1 %), hypertension (81.5 %), and high cholesterol (86.2 %) as significant CVD risk factors, (31.7 %) were unaware that diabetes increases CVD risk. Despite high awareness, only (29.7 %) regularly exercised, and (34.6 %) consumed fast food regularly. The mean KAP score was 20.66 ± 2.63 out of 25, which manifests that participant had good KAP scores toward cardiovascular disease risk factors. The KAP scores were significantly higher among females, married individuals, healthcare workers, non-smokers, those with a family history of CVD, and individuals who obtained their knowledge from physicians. Conclusions: This study reveals a gap between knowledge and practice regarding CVD risk factors in the Kurdistan Region. Awareness is high, but many, especially younger adults and those with lower education, fail to adopt healthy practices. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to promote behavioral changes.

Indexed as

AttitudeCardiovascular diseaseKnowledgePracticeRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID41502579
PMCPMC12771489

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.