ArticleTropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines2026
Fecal contamination of drinking water from source to point of use and associated factors among households in Debre-Tabor town, Northwest Ethiopia.
Article in Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFaecal contamination of drinking water is a significant environmental determinant of human health.
objectiveTo assess fecal contamination of drinking water from the source to the point of use and associated factors among households in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2022.
methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Tabor Town. A total of 355 water samples were collected and analysed using the membrane filtration method to identify E. coli contamination. These included 27 samples from water sources, 5 from reservoirs, and 323 from household storage containers. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to identify factors associated with the potential contamination of drinking water in household storage containers. The instrument was piloted on 10% of the planned sample in Woreta, a neighboring town excluded from the main study, about two weeks before data collection to assess clarity, question flow, and respondent understanding. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with the presence or absence of E. coli in household storage containers, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The overall goodness of fit for the model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.
resultAmong the water samples analysed, 15 (55.6%) of sources, 1 (20%) of reservoirs, and 187 (57.9%) of households tested positive for E. coli bacteria. Educational status [AOR = 3.53; 95% CI: [1.76, 7.08]], the type of sanitation [AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: [1.41, 4.44]], household water treatment [AOR = 3.80; 95% CI: [1.78, 8.12]], and the sanitary risk score of households’ drinking water storage conditions [AOR = 3.33; 95% CI: [1.33, 8.32]] were significantly associated with the faecal contamination of drinking water at the point of use.
conclusionThe prevalence of fecal contamination of drinking water was high from source to point of use in the study area. Therefore, capacity building through education should be provided for the community on source protection, utilisation of improved sanitation facilities, and water treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.