Observational studyBMC anesthesiology2026
Association between body mass index and perioperative shivering after elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC anesthesiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of Intrathecal Bupivacaine Temperature Variation on Prophylaxis of Shivering in Urologic Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPerioperative shivering (POS) is a common complication of spinal anesthesia (SA) during cesarean section (C/S), with incidence rates ranging from 36% to 85%. This study explored the association between third-trimester body mass index (BMI) and POS in women undergoing elective C/S under SA. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this prospective cohort study, 180 pregnant women scheduled for elective C/S were categorized into three BMI groups: normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m²). Shivering severity (Crossley and Mahajan scale), complications, and treatment needs were assessed every 15 min for 2 h post-SA.
resultsParticipants had a mean age of 28.6 ± 5.8 years. Higher BMI was significantly associated with reduced shivering incidence from 30 min onward across multiple time points (P < 0.00833, Bonferroni-adjusted). At 30 min post-SA, obese and overweight women exhibited lower shivering rates than those with normal BMI (P < 0.001). After 60 min, severe shivering (grades 3-4) occurred in > 55% of normal-BMI women versus 15.8% of obese women (P < 0.001). Complications were less frequent in obese and overweight groups (P < 0.001), with 43% and 50% requiring no treatment, respectively, compared to 6.8% in the normal-BMI group (P < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios confirmed a protective effect of higher BMI especially beyond 30 min post-intervention for postoperative shivering (e.g., obese: aOR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.51, P = 0.003 at 30 min).
conclusionElevated third-trimester BMI is linked to reduced POS incidence, severity, and complications, suggesting a protective role. Clinicians should prioritize shivering prevention strategies for women with normal BMI during C/S.
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