Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41501230›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

FPGA implementation and voice encryption application of a new hyperchaotic system with high complexity.

Khaled Benkouider, Miroslav Mahdal, Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle, Brisbane Ovilla Martínez, Sezgin Kaçar, Mehmet Ordukaya, Aceng Sambas

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Khaled BenkouiderLaboratory of Automatic and Signals of Annaba (LASA), Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, Annaba, 23000, Algeria.
Miroslav Mahdal *Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic. miroslav.mahdal@vsb.cz.
Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan *Centre for Control Systems, Vel Tech University, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai, 600062, Tamil Nadu, India.
Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle *Department of Electronics, INAOE, Tonantzintla, 72840, Puebla, Mexico.
Brisbane Ovilla Martínez *Department of Computer Science, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
Sezgin KaçarSakarya University of Applied Sciences, Technology Faculty, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya, Turkey.
Mehmet OrdukayaSakarya University of Applied Sciences, Graduate Education Institute, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya, Turkey.
Aceng Sambas *Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Funding

This article was co-funded by the European Union under the REFRESH-Research Excellence for Region Sustainability and High-tech Industries project - CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transition and the project SP2025/006 Innovative Approaches to Machine and Process Control supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic. CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research work describes a new 4-D hyperchaotic system with high complexity. The proposed 4-D system is hyperchaotic as it has a bounded attractor set with two positive Lyapunov exponents. The large positive Lyapunov exponents of the new 4-D hyperchaotic system exhibit the high complexity of the proposed system. We also show that two nearly identical trajectories quickly separate, with significant differences emerging within just 0.6 seconds, which illustrates the high sensitivity of the state trajectories of the proposed hyperchaotic systems to initial conditions and significant unpredictability. Multistability for the newly proposed hyperchaotic system is illustrated by plotting two different coexisting hyperchaotic attractors for the identical values of the system's parameters, but for non-identical initial conditions. We also explore offset boosting, a control strategy that allows us to convert the bipolar signal into a unipolar signal without changing the dynamics, which makes the proposed system more adaptable for a range of applications. The electronic implementation of the new system with high complexity is done herein by applying the well-known Euler's method, which is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In this 4-D system, the nonlinear terms are the multiplication of two state variables that appear in each ordinary differential equation. The FPGA design for the newly developed hyperchaotic system with high complexity is implemented on the Zybo Z7-20 development board with xc7z020clg400-1. In this study, the potential of the new 4D hyperchaotic system in the field of information security was investigated and encryption of voice data was performed using the newly developed hyperchaotic system with high complexity. The variables of the system were evaluated with differential entropy analysis and high randomness levels were verified. The XOR-based encryption algorithm developed using these variables obtained with numerical solutions provides effective protection at time, frequency and statistical levels and allows lossless recovery of data.

Identifiers

PMID41501230
PMCPMC12865184

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.