Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41501182›Full record

ArticleNature chemical biology2026

Rapid evolution of a highly efficient RNA polymerase by homologous recombination.

Esau L Medina, Victoria A Maola, Mohammad Hajjar, Grace K Ko, Ethan J Ho, Alexandria R Horton, Nicholas Chim, John C Chaput

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemical biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Esau L Medina *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Victoria A Maola *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Mohammad HajjarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9478-7216
Grace K KoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ethan J HoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-7656-1971
Alexandria R HortonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1894-8187
Nicholas ChimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-5305
John C ChaputDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. jchaput@uci.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-135X

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) CHE-2433788
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Engineering DNA polymerases to efficiently synthesize artificial or noncognate nucleic acids remains an essential challenge in synthetic biology. Here we describe an evolutionary campaign designed to convert a family of highly selective DNA polymerases into an unnatural homolog with strong RNA synthesis activity. Starting from a homologous recombination library, a short evolutionary path was achieved using a single-cell droplet-based microfluidic selection strategy to produce C28, a newly engineered polymerase that can synthesize RNA with a rate of ~3 nt s

Indexed as

Directed Molecular EvolutionDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesHomologous RecombinationDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseProtein EngineeringRNADNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesRNA

Identifiers

PMID41501182

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.