Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41501077›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Computational design of dynamic biosensors for emerging synthetic opioids.

Alison C Leonard, Chase Lenert-Mondou, Rachel Chayer, Samuel Swift, Zachary T Baumer, Ryan Delaney, Anika J Friedman, Nicholas R Robertson, Norman Seder, Jordan Wells and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Unusually broad-spectrum small-molecule sensing using a single protein scaffold.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Alison C Leonard *Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Chase Lenert-Mondou *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
Rachel Chayer *Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8493-1484
Samuel Swift *Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Zachary T BaumerDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Ryan DelaneyDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Anika J FriedmanDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Nicholas R RobertsonDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
Norman SederDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
Jordan WellsDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8742-6957
Lindsey M WhitmoreDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-0531
Sean R CutlerDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0885
Michael R ShirtsDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-1097
Ian WheeldonDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. wheeldon@ucr.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-7539
Timothy A WhiteheadDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. timothy.whitehead@colorado.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-1361

Funding

Markov State Model approaches for folding, binding and designR01GM123296 · NIGMS · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI VOELZ, VINCENT · 2017 to 2025
$3.1M
Interdisciplinary Predoctoral Training in Molecular BiophysicsT32GM145437 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI JOSEPH J FALKE · 2022 to 2026
$2.5M
Diagnostics on demand: a biosensor platform for multiplexed small molecule detectionR01GM151616 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE · PI Sean Cutler · 2023 to 2026
$1.7M
National Science Foundation (NSF) 2128287NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM123296NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM151616NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM145437United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) CERES D24AC00011-05
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nitazenes are an emergent class of synthetic opioids that often rival or exceed fentanyl in their potency. These compounds have been detected internationally in illicit drugs and are the cause of increasing numbers of hospitalizations and overdoses. New analogs are consistently released, making detection challenging - new ways of testing a wide range of nitazenes and their metabolic products are urgently needed. Here, we develop a computational protocol to redesign the plant abscisic acid receptor PYR1 to bind diverse nitazenes and maintain its dynamic transduction mechanism. The best design has a low nanomolar limit of detection in vitro against nitazene and menitazene. Deep mutational scanning yielded sensors able to recognize a range of clinically relevant nitazenes and the common metabolic byproduct in a complex biological matrix with limited cross-specificity against unrelated opioids. Application of protein design tools on privileged receptors like PYR1 may yield general sensors for a wide range of applications in vitro and in vivo.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidArabidopsis ProteinsBiosensing TechniquesAnalgesics, OpioidArabidopsis Proteins

Identifiers

PMID41501077
PMCPMC12864883

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.