ArticleBMJ open2026
Implementation strategies by leaders and health professionals to improve the safety climate in the operating room: a scoping review.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perioperative Nursing Management of Unintended Retained Foreign Object-Related Events in Neurosurgery: Insights From a 16-Year Study in China.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- Reframing workplace safety, wellbeing, and performance among operating room nurses in contemporary healthcare systems.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis scoping review aims to map evidence or literature on improvement strategies used by health leaders and professionals to strengthen the safety climate in the operating room.
designA scoping review was performed on the basis of the method proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute and applied to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) extension. DATA SOURCES: 16 academic and grey literature data sources were searched using search terms on 17 January 2025, namely, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online via Pubmed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences via the Virtual Health Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, WorldCat, Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Brazilian Association of Surgical Center Nurses, Center for Material and Sterilization and Anesthetic Recovery, Association of Portuguese Operating Room Nurses, Association of PeriOperative Registered Nurses, Institute for Healthcare Improvement, WHO and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. ELIGIBILITY: Study selection, data extraction and synthesis were based on the following eligibility criteria based on the acronym PCC (participants, concept, context): participants (health leaders and professionals), concept (strategies to improve the safety climate) and context (operating room). This scoping review considered studies published from 2009 onwards. DATA EXTRACTION: Information on the objective, method and findings addressing improvement strategies employed to strengthen the safety climate in the surgical centre was retrieved. The findings are presented in tables and in a qualitative thematic summary.
resultsA total of 26 studies were analysed, published between 2009 and 2024, with the USA as the country of origin of the publications with the highest number (11 studies). As for the methodological approach, intervention and quasi-experimental studies stand out. When the studies in this review were mapped, strategies that strengthened the safety climate in the operating room were identified and grouped into two main axes that are interrelated: communication tools and training programmes.
conclusionIt is evident that the implementation of tools that promote communication and training programmes enhances safe surgical care, as they contribute substantially to the domains of the safety culture. The use of communication protocols in the operating room is recommended as a perioperative safety tool. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This scoping review adhered to a protocol previously published in this journal and that is registered on the Open Science Framework website (https://osf.io/zg8nu/).
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Registered trials
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