ArticlePloS one2026
Actigraphy-based sleep outcomes in substance use disorders: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIndividuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at increased risk for sleep disturbances, creating a bidirectional relationship that may heighten relapse risk. While polysomnography is the gold standard for measuring sleep, many studies have used actigraphy, a noninvasive, wrist-worn device that estimates rest-activity patterns and sleep-wake characteristics. Despite its utility, the use of actigraphy in populations with SUDs remains limited, and findings vary across substances and methodologies. This protocol outlines a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to synthesize evidence on actigraphy-derived sleep outcomes across various substances. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: We will include peer-reviewed observational or interventional studies involving individuals aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of substance use (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, methamphetamine, or nicotine) who use actigraphy to assess sleep compared to matched controls. Studies will be excluded during screening if they do not use actigraphy, do not include populations with SUDs, or focus on participants younger than 18. There will be no restrictions on location, setting, or language. Databases to be searched include PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase. Titles and abstracts will be screened in the first phase, followed by full-text screening using eligibility criteria. At least two independent reviewers will assess risk of bias using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. A synthesis will summarize key findings, including study characteristics, population differences, and methodological variations. DISCUSSION: This review will offer a clear and comprehensive assessment of the current literature on actigraphy to examine sleep in SUD and to inform future research to study sleep and its implications in SUD populations. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD420251072028.
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Registered trials
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