Zinc oxide nanoparticles restore susceptibility to chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn infections.

Atefeh Fakhari, Roya Ahmadrajabi, Mohammad Hossein Sobhanipoor, Fereshteh Saffari

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Antibacterial PET-G/ZnO Composites: A New Approach to Relaxation Splint Materials in the Treatment of Bruxism.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Atefeh FakhariStudent research committee centre, Kerman university of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1467-8823

Roya AhmadrajabiMedical mycology and bacteriology research centre, Kerman university of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5636-7037

Mohammad Hossein SobhanipoorDepartment of medical laboratory sciences, school of medicine, Bam university of medical sciences, Bam, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7670-4325

Fereshteh SaffariMedical mycology and bacteriology research centre, Kerman university of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran. fsafari@kmu.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-7077

Funding

Kerman University of Medical Sciences 401000105

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDecolonization of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the main challenges in burn wards. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in combination with chlorhexidine (CHG) and benzalkonium chloride (BCC) were investigated against MRSA isolates.

resultsReduced susceptibility to CHG and BCC was detected in 56% (n = 18) and 25% (n = 8) of isolates, respectively. The most common efflux-associated genes linked to biocide resistance were norC (75%), norB (65%), norA (20%), and qacA/B (15%). The combinations of ZnO nanoparticles with biocides significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations and enhanced the biofilm inhibitory effect of the biocides.

conclusionThis study confirms the potential of ZnO nanoparticles to enhance the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the examined biocides. The involvement of ZnO nanoparticles in efflux pump inhibition is also suggested.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective Agents, LocalBenzalkonium CompoundsBurnsChlorhexidineMetal NanoparticlesMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusNanoparticlesStaphylococcal InfectionsZinc OxideBacterial ProteinsBiofilmsHumansMembrane Transport ProteinsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Infective Agents, LocalBacterial ProteinsBenzalkonium CompoundsChlorhexidineMembrane Transport ProteinsqacA protein, Staphylococcus aureusZinc OxideBiocidesBurn wound healingMethicillin-resistant S. aureusNosocomial infectionsZnO nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID41499016

DOI10.1007/s10354-025-01117-4

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.