Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41499007›Full record

ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2026

An Investigation of Inhibitory Control as a Mechanism Differentiating Tonic and Phasic Irritability.

Gabrielle F Freitag, Shannon Shaughnessy, Jennifer M Meigs, Parmis Khosravi, Julia O Linke, Spencer C Evans, Ellen Leibenluft, Melissa A Brotman, Daniel S Pine, Katharina Kircanski and 1 more

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Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gabrielle F Freitag *Mental health Interventions and Novel Therapeutics (MINT) Program, Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA. gfrei014@fiu.edu.
Shannon Shaughnessy *Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Jennifer M MeigsDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.
Parmis KhosraviEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Julia O LinkeInstitute of Psychology, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany.
Spencer C EvansDepartment of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Ellen LeibenluftScientific Director's Office, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Melissa A BrotmanEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Daniel S PineEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Katharina KircanskiEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Elise M CardinaleDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.

Funding

NIMH Intramural Research Program ZIAMH002781NIMH Intramural Research Program ZIAMH002786
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phasic and tonic irritability are highly correlated clinical constructs yet differentially associated with developmental trajectories and treatment response. However, limited research has identified their shared and unique underlying behavioral mechanisms. In a sample of youths enriched for irritability (N = 141, age range 7-18, age M[SD] = 12.60[2.54], 48.23% female), we investigated whether inhibitory control is differentially associated with phasic versus tonic irritability. Replicating prior work, tonic and phasic irritability were estimated via independent confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) using items and/or subscales from multi-informant questionnaires. A latent factor of inhibitory control was extracted from four behavioral tasks. Initial multiple linear regression analysis found that phasic, not tonic, irritability was significantly associated with impaired inhibitory control. However, results were no longer significant after accounting for shared associations with age. In addition, when adding commonly co-occurring symptoms such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and oppositionality, age and ADHD were significant predictors of inhibitory control, but phasic irritability was not. Results suggest that inhibitory control alone may not be a salient mechanism for disambiguating phasic and tonic irritability. Future work leveraging longitudinal methods and consideration of other potential contextual factors is needed.

Indexed as

Confirmatory factor analysisInhibitory controlPhasic irritabilityTonic irritability

Identifiers

PMID41499007

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.