Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41498984›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Risk of intracranial meningioma requiring surgical intervention among recent hormonal contraceptives users.

Si Chen, Sebastian Jugl, Lindsey Jackson, Maryam Rahman, Patrick J Antonelli, Bradley Bruggeman, Almut G Winterstein

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Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Si ChenDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1345 Center Drive, M228 MSB, PO Box 100264, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. Si.chen@ent.ufl.edu.
Sebastian JuglCenter for Drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Lindsey JacksonDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1345 Center Drive, M228 MSB, PO Box 100264, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Maryam RahmanDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Patrick J AntonelliDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1345 Center Drive, M228 MSB, PO Box 100264, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Bradley BruggemanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
Almut G WintersteinCenter for Drug Evaluation and Safety, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeProgesterones have been implicated in meningioma growth. Long-acting progestin-only hormonal contraceptives (HC) are increasingly popular due to sustained serum progestin levels. This study examined the relationship between progestin-only HC exposure and risk of surgically treated intracranial meningioma (STIM).

methodsUsing the Merative Marketscan research database, we identified females aged 15–42 with at least 2.5 years of continuous enrollment. Within a case-control study, STIM cases were identified based on intracranial meningioma diagnosis followed by cranial meningioma surgery procedure codes. Controls were matched up to 1:10 by age, cohort entry date, and follow-up time. HC exposure was categorized into combined oral estrogen-progestin contraceptives (COC), progestin-only pills (POP), progestin intrauterine device (IUD), or intramuscular/subcutaneous progestin (IMSC). Multivariate conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios adjusting for comorbidities.

resultsAmong 11,815,164 women, we identified 1,218 STIM cases and 12,172 controls. Exposure to COC increased STIM risk (RR 1.27; 95% CI 1.10–1.50), as did IMSC use (RR 3.79; 95% CI 2.67–5.40) compared to no recent HC use. Compared to COC users, IMSC users had higher risk (RR 2.98; 95% CI 2.06–4.32).

conclusionIMSC use is associated with increased STIM risk relative to no recent HC exposure or COC use. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to clarify dose, duration, and progestin agent differences.

Indexed as

Contraceptive Agents, HormonalContraceptives, Oral, HormonalMeningeal NeoplasmsMeningiomaAdolescentAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansProgestinsRisk FactorsYoung AdultContraceptive Agents, HormonalContraceptives, Oral, HormonalProgestinsHormonal contraceptionInjectable contraceptivesIntracranial meningiomaProgesterone receptorsProgestin-only contraceptivesSurgically treated meningioma

Identifiers

PMID41498984

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.