ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026
Differentiating between the impact of sex and gender in Parkinson's disease: utilising these to advance current understanding and care practices.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative condition caused by a combination of ageing, environmental exposure and genetics, although the specifics remain unknown. Although historically considered a male-predominant condition, PD also affects a substantial proportion of women and intersex individuals whose experiences are often underrepresented. These populations have been overlooked in PD research, but recent findings have observed that multiple facets of the condition, including clinical presentation and treatment response may vary between sexes. However, there remains a 'one-size-fits-all' approach to diagnosis, management and treatment strategies, which has resulted in delayed diagnoses and adverse reactions to treatment, particularly in women. There has also been misuse of the terminology sex and gender, where sex should refer to biology and gender should relate to the impact of social norms, exclusive to the human experience. However, it is important to distinguish between the influence of biology and gender norms when discussing a multidimensional chronic condition such as PD. Considering how sex and gender can personalise an individual's experience living with PD will help improve the quality of research to inform and enhance standard care practices. This review will investigate the influence of sex and gender throughout an individual's journey with PD to identify important considerations in future prevention, diagnosis and care strategies. Comprehensively understanding the influence of sex and gender in PD will inform research and clinical strategies to refine current considerations for future implementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41498975What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.