ArticleInternational microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology2026
Preparation of silibinin- dendrimer-stabilized Au nanoparticles for decreasing vancomycin resistance in S. aureus clinical isolates.
Article in International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Silibinin-Loaded Proniosomal Gel for Cutaneous Application: Pharmaco-Technical Characterization and In Vitro-In Ovo Biocompatibility.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
introductionSilibinin (SB), a bioactive flavonolignan derived from milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum L.), exhibits well-documented antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and hepatoprotective activities. This study aimed to conjugate SB with fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (DSA) to enhance its solubility and evaluate its antibacterial efficacy against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
methodsThe morphology and structural features of silibinin-dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticle complex (SB-DSA) were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Antibacterial activity was assessed through biofilm formation assays, checkerboard analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using clinical S. aureus isolates and a standard reference strain.
resultsPhysicochemical analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of SB into the DSA matrix. The average particle size of the SB-DSA nanocomposites was approximately 20 nm. A synergistic interaction between SB-DSA and vancomycin was observed, with SB-DSA significantly enhancing the susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant isolates to vancomycin. Biofilm formation was markedly reduced in resistant isolates treated with the SB-DSA/vancomycin combination compared with vancomycin alone. The time-kill kinetics of SB-DSA in the tested isolates ranged from 4 to 8 h. Combination treatment also resulted in downregulation of icaA, and norA expression in resistant S. aureus isolates.
conclusionSilibinin encapsulated within DSA demonstrates potent anti S. aureus activity, likely mediated through downregulation of efflux pump-related genes and improved intracellular retention of vancomycin. Consequently, even low concentrations of vancomycin, when combined with silibinin, effectively inhibited the growth of vancomycin-resistant isolates.
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