Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41498693›Full record

ArticleACS sensors2026

Oral Administration of a Bivalent Carbonic Anhydrase IX Near-Infrared Imaging Agent Detects Hypoxic Tumors in a Mouse Model.

Haolong Huang, Matthew Proefke, Eshita Khera, Greg M Thurber

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Haolong HuangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8163-7294
Matthew ProefkeDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.ORCID 0009-0002-7901-380X
Eshita KheraDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Greg M ThurberDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7570-2080

Funding

Maximizing Antibody Drug Conjugate Efficacy through Multiple Mechanisms of ActionR35GM128819 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Greg Thurber · 2018 to 2026
$2.8M
Self-administration of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Molecular Imaging Probes for Non-Invasive Early Detection and Treatment Monitoring of Rheumatoid ArthritisR21AR072314 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI THURBER, GREG · 2018 to 2019
$341k
NIAMS NIH HHS R21 AR072314NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM128819
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early detection of breast cancer can significantly increase survival rates, and annual screening increases the chance of early detection. However, anatomical imaging methods, such as mammography, underperform in women with dense breast tissue, and alternatives such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can be more time- and cost-intensive. Molecular imaging methods have the potential to provide both spatial and molecular information, yielding advantages over traditional imaging. However, molecular imaging has previously been impractical for annual screening due to its high cost, risk of ionizing radiation, long acquisition time, and IV injection of contrast agents. Therefore, a cost-effective and lower-risk method is needed. This study reports the design of a bivalent near-infrared fluorophore sulfo-Cy5.5 carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX/CA9) targeting molecule (biAAZ-Cy5.5) for oral administration and fluorescent breast cancer screening. A challenge in developing orally delivered contrast agents is balancing sufficient oral bioavailability with efficient targeting and background clearance. Previous work from our group developed an integrin-targeting agent for oral delivery (α

Indexed as

Antigens, NeoplasmBreast NeoplasmsCarbocyaninesCarbonic Anhydrase IXFluorescent DyesMolecular ImagingTumor HypoxiaAdministration, OralAnimalsCell Line, TumorContrast MediaDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansMiceOptical ImagingAntigens, NeoplasmCarbocyaninesCarbonic Anhydrase IXContrast MediaCY5.5 cyanine dyeFluorescent Dyesbivalent bindingbreast cancerCA9cancer screeningcontrast agent

Identifiers

PMID41498693
PMCPMC12906793

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.