Sleep Quality, Patterns, and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cross-sectional Study Among Omani Adults Attending Primary Healthcare in Muscat.

Objectives: Our study sought to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, sleep patterns, and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Omani adults attending primary healthcare centers in Muscat. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design to collect patient data obtained between September 2023 and September 2024. Participants who were Omani and aged 30-75 years were included in the study using convenience sampling; however, those with established cardiovascular disease or showing signs of obstructive sleep apnea were excluded. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score, and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The research explored the impact of various sleep patterns (monophasic, biphasic, polyphasic), work timings, sociodemographic factors, and body mass index on sleep quality and CVD risk. Results: A total of 400 participants were included in this study, with the majority (60.0%) being female. We observed a significant association between poor sleep quality and an increased risk of developing CVD over 10 years (odds ratio = 1.734; p = 0.032). Flexible work timings showed a protective effect against CVD (odds ratio = 0.514; p = 0.010). We found no significant difference between sleep patterns and CVD risk. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of sleep quality and work flexibility in reducing cardiovascular risk, with potential implications for public health interventions.