Ethical considerations of complex reconstructions in resource poor countries.

Oluwakemi Ayoade, Abdulrasheed Ibrahim, Chihena H Banda, Wee Lam, Barbara Jemec

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in JPRAS open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

A review of practices and policies of international humanitarian organizations in conflict-affected settings: are we ensuring sustainability of surgical care?Conflict and health · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Oluwakemi AyoadeDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Srgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital, 12/124 Ikorodu Road, Igbobi, Lagos 102216, Nigeria.

Abdulrasheed IbrahimDivision of Burns and Plastic surgery, Ahmadu Bello University & Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Sokoto Road Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Chihena H BandaPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, The University Teaching Hospital, Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia.

Wee LamDepartment of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Singapore General Hospital, Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168753, Singapore.

Barbara JemecBritish Foundation for International Reconstructive Surgery and Training, c/o BAPRAS, Royal College of Surgeons of England, 38-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PE, London, England.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is a need for complex plastic surgery reconstructive work in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper will discuss the ethical considerations when offering this service in LMICs, from the local and the visiting surgeon's perspective, their patients and a holistic global surgery perspective. The basic principles of clinical ethics are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, and are the foundation for the structure of this paper.

Indexed as

AutonomyBeneficenceComplex reconstructionEthicsGlobal surgeryJusticeNon-maleficence

Identifiers

PMID41497896

DOI10.1016/j.jpra.2025.09.002

PMCPMC12766230

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.