ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025
Mast cell extracellular granules are bioactive condensates driven by heparin and polyamine.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacological modulation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 signaling by nano-immunomodulators in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Comparing massively-multitask regression algorithms for drug discovery.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless bodies that organize biochemical reactions typically within cells. However, the roles of condensates in extracellular space-where conditions differ substantially from intracellular space-remain poorly understood. Here, we report mast cell extracellular granules (MCEGs), a stable membraneless entity, are condensates assembled via electrostatic interactions between glycosaminoglycans and polyamines. Disrupting polyamine synthesis or trafficking blocks MCEG formation and compromises the storage of proteases and cytokines. Granules reconstituted with heparin and spermine are sufficient to enrich mediators such as CPA3 and TNFα, maintaining an elevated pH and higher concentrations of calcium and zinc compared to the extracellular milieu. This unique environment enhances CPA3 enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the granules increase TNFα binding and its bioactivity toward endothelial cells. Together, we reveal MCEGs as functionally active biomolecular condensates with distinct biochemical and immunological properties; MCEGs are formed through sugar-metabolite interactions, expanding the mechanisms of condensate assembly beyond classical protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions.
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Registered trials
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