Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41497478›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2025

Association Between Hypnotics and Glycemic Variability Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring Under Real-Life Conditions in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Taichi Muramatsu, Miku Otsuka, Daisuke Yamamuro, Mikan Yamanouchi, Saaya Fujisaka, Akifumi Kushiyama, Takako Kikuchi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Taichi MuramatsuDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, my-pharm.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6073-8522
Miku OtsukaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, my-pharm.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9966-6488
Daisuke YamamuroDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, my-pharm.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8976-5057
Mikan YamanouchiDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, my-pharm.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7510-6347
Saaya FujisakaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, my-pharm.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9624-3507
Akifumi KushiyamaDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan, my-pharm.ac.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-7487
Takako KikuchiDivision of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, asahi-life.or.jp.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-7203

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Insomnia is common in patients with Type 2 diabetes and can negatively affect glycemic control. However, the effect of hypnotic use on glycemic variability remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between hypnotic use and glycemic variability in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with Type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between June 1, 2017, and February 28, 2022. Patients were classified into six groups based on their insomnia status and hypnotic use: noninsomnia, hypnotic nonusers, benzodiazepine (BZD) users, nonbenzodiazepine (non-BZD) users, orexin receptor antagonist (ORA) users, and melatonin receptor agonist (MRA) users. We used the standard deviation (SD) of glucose, the coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose, and the mean of daily difference (MODD) as indicators of glycemic variability. The independent association between hypnotic use and glycemic variability was assessed using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 534 patients were included in the analysis (mean age: 67.7 ± 10.1 years old; mean diabetes duration: 14.5 ± 8.4 years). Thirty-seven patients (6.9%) used hypnotics, including BZD ( Conclusions: The use of non-BZDs was associated with within-day and between-day glycemic variability measured by CGM in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypnotics and SedativesSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersAgedContinuous Glucose MonitoringCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlycemic ControlHumansMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseHypnotics and Sedatives

Identifiers

PMID41497478
PMCPMC12767233

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.