ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2025
Hypoxia-responsive Exatecan prodrug liposomes co-delivered with IR808 for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy of breast cancer.
Article in International journal of pharmaceutics: X, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reductant-Responsive Squalene Dual-Prodrug Nanoparticles Co-Delivering Doxorubicin and Exatecan for Synergistic Breast Tumor Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Stimuli-responsive bioengineered platforms for precision cancer therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- CD276-directed supramolecular nanoplatform with pH-triggered gemcitabine release for potent tumor stromal and vascular suppression.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
To overcome the poor solubility, rapid clearance, and systemic toxicity of Exatecan, we developed a tumor-activated liposomal delivery system co-encapsulating a hypoxia-cleavable Exatecan-squalene prodrug (EXA PRO) and the photosensitizer IR808. The nanocarrier integrates photodynamic therapy-induced hypoxia with bioreductive drug activation, enabling spatiotemporally controlled release within the tumor microenvironment. The liposomes, formulated with pH-sensitive lipids, exhibited uniform size (∼136 nm), high encapsulation efficiency, and dual responsiveness to acidic pH and reductive stress. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, IR808 generated reactive oxygen species and aggravated intratumoral hypoxia, thereby triggering the cleavage of the azobenzene linker and facilitating targeted release of Exatecan. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed enhanced cellular uptake, efficient intracellular drug release, potent tumor growth inhibition, and favorable biosafety profiles. This synergistic chemo-photodynamic strategy offers a promising platform for precise, tumor-selective drug delivery and represents a potential advancement in personalized cancer therapy.
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