ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026
Rising mortality from electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in the United States (1999-2020): a joinpoint regression analysis of national trends and disparities.
Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mortality trends involving chronic kidney disease and electrolyte and acid-base disorders in the United States, 1999-2023: a CDC WONDER analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Mortality Trends Involving Cardiac Arrest and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in U.S. Adults, 2004-2024.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance (EABI) has emerged as a critical contributor to rising mortality rates worldwide. However, there is an inconsistency in the data on long-term mortality trends associated with EABI in the United States. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate nationwide mortality trends associated with EABI from 1999 to 2020. Methods: We utilized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database to retrieve EABI-associated mortality data among U.S. populations. We analyzed EABI-related deaths (ICD-10 codes E87.0-E87.8) across all ages, with subgroup analyses by EABI subcategory and common underlying causes: heart failure (I50), diabetes mellitus (E10-E14), sepsis (A41), and chronic kidney disease (N18). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated per 100 000 persons, and annual percent changes (APCs) in mortality trends were determined using the joinpoint regression model with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. AAMRs were further stratified by race, sex, age, U.S. census region, and urbanization status. Results: Between 1999 and 2020, a total of 580 238 deaths occurred due to EABI. Overall, the AAMRs increased from 7.88 to 12.25 (AAPC: + 2.1533%; 95% CI: 0.87-3.43; Conclusion: There is a prominent increase in EABI-linked mortality from 1999 to 2020, with significant disparities in various population groups. These findings warrant the instantaneous implementation of targeted interventions, such as improvement in electrolyte monitoring protocols and expanded access to specialist care, to control the rising burden.
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