Political ideology and scientific communication shape human perceptions of pollen seasons.

Climate change is altering the timing and intensity of pollen seasons, increasing human exposure to allergenic pollen. Climate-driven changes in pollen seasons present a unique opportunity to craft messaging that communicates how climate change is affecting biological systems. However, it is unclear how pollen seasons are experienced and understood by the public, including how well we detect pollen seasons and what factors we view as responsible for changes in pollen seasons. Here, we use social media data (Twitter) in the United States from 2012 to 2022 to assess public perceptions of pollen seasons across the country. We find that pollen seasons detected by social media users are consistent with natural pollen seasons. Attribution of changing pollen seasons, however, varies based on political ideology: liberal users are more likely to attribute changing pollen seasons to climate change when compared with conservative users. Mass media and scientific experts shape communication about how climate change drives changes in pollen seasons. Our findings reveal how political ideology and scientific communication affect public perceptions of pollen seasons and climate change. Our findings are a key step towards improved communication of climate change impacts.