Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41496873›Full record

ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026

Sociodemographic differences in knowledge, perceptions, and intentions regarding stimulant misuse: A theory-informed national cross-sectional survey.

Melissa Sanders, Kathlyn Smith, Madison Holland, Erin Blythe, Daisy Doan, Hannah Higgins, Josephine Ariella Lovings, Anne Taylor, Nicholas McCormick, Brandy Davis and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Melissa SandersAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Kathlyn SmithAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Madison HollandAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Erin BlytheAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Daisy DoanTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
Hannah HigginsPhiladelphia College of Pharmacy at Saint Joseph's University, 600 S 43rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Josephine Ariella LovingsWingate University School of Pharmacy, 515 N Main St, Wingate, NC 28174, USA.
Anne TaylorAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Nicholas McCormickAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Brandy DavisAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Lindsey HohmannAuburn University Harrison College of Pharmacy, 2316 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.

Funding

CTSA Postdoctoral T32 at the University of Alabama at BirminghamT32TR004770 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Bertha Hidalgo · 2024 to 2026
$1.3M
NCATS NIH HHS T32 TR004770
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Stimulant misuse is a rising concern in the United States. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to better understand the U.S. general public's knowledge, perceptions, and intentions regarding stimulant misuse, and to assess sociodemographic differences. Methods: Americans age ≥ 18 were recruited for a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Outcomes, guided by the Health Belief Model, included: knowledge; perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits surrounding prescription and non-prescription stimulant use/misuse; perceived barriers to medical stimulant use and seeking help for stimulant misuse; and non-medical stimulant use intentions. Mann-Whitney Results: Respondents ( Conclusions: Knowledge, perceptions, and non-medical stimulant use intentions differed across age, sex, race, and urbanicity. Future studies should explore strategies to overcome these disparities.

Indexed as

Health belief modelNon-prescriptionPrescriptionSociodemographicsStimulants

Identifiers

PMID41496873
PMCPMC12767798

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.