Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41496407›Full record

ArticleTranslational oncology2026

Interleukin 35 promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by recruiting neutrophils.

Wei Gan, Guo-Qiang Sun, Jin-Long Huang, Bao-Ye Sun, Zhu-Tao Wang, Zhang-Fu Yang, Cheng Zhou, Yong Yi, Shuang-Jian Qiu

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Article in Translational oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Wei GanDepartment of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Guo-Qiang SunDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China.
Jin-Long HuangDepartment of neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Bao-Ye SunDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China.
Zhu-Tao WangDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China.
Zhang-Fu YangDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China.
Cheng ZhouDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China.
Yong YiDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: yi.yong@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
Shuang-Jian QiuDepartment of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, The Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: qiu.shuangjian@zs-hospital.sh.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA growing number of therapeutic strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have emerged. However, their efficacy remains limited. This study investigated the mechanism of interleukin-35 (IL-35) in the progression of HCC and its potential application in HCC treatment.

methodsThe expression of IL-35,Gp130 ,IL12-Rβ2, CCL3,etc. in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the expression of IL-35 in HCC cell lines was detected by fluorescence assay. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of IL-35 and its receptor in relation to overall survival(OS) and recurrence free survival(RFS) in patients with HCC. The mouse subcutaneous tumor models to study the effects of IL-35 on HCC growth and immune cells. Western blot were used to detect the expression IL-35, CCL3, FGF2, and flow cytometric plot were performed to explore the immune cells infiltration in the tumor tissue.

resultsHigh expression of IL-35 in patients with HCC was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, IL-35 could facilitate tumor progression by affecting neutrophil infiltration, angiogenesis, and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Additionally, CCL3 was a key factor mediating the recruitment of neutrophils by IL-35. FGF2 derived from neutrophils stimulated by IL-35 promoted intratumoral angiogenesis. IL-35 also facilitated the adhesion of tumors to endothelial cells, with neutrophils further enhancing this effect both. Anti-IL-35 antibody combined with anti-PD1 antibody significantly enhanced which therapeutic effect in HCC.

conclusionsOur data show that the high expression of IL-35 in patients with HCC is an important tumor promoter. Combined treatment with anti-IL-35 and anti-PD1 antibodies have potential therapeutic effect against HCC.

Indexed as

Anti-PD1Hepatocellular carcinomaImmunotherapyInterleukin 35Neutrophil

Identifiers

PMID41496407
PMCPMC12813232

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