ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Prevalence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in bovine raw milk from small-scale farmers in Magu district, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStaphylococcus aureus, a common cause of foodborne illnesses, may be transmitted from cows to humans through contaminated raw milk. Limited data exist on livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-S. aureus) infections in Tanzania's bovine supply chain. This study assessed the prevalence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus in cows' raw milk, from small-scale farmers in Magu district, Mwanza, Tanzania.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2023 and June 2024. A total of 410 non-repetitive raw milk samples were collected from cows of small-scale farmers. Milk samples were processed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus as per laboratory standard procedures. Drug susceptibility was established with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2022. R software was used to analyze percentages and proportions of the data for all variables.
resultsThe prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk from small-scale farmers was 23.9% (98/410), with 16.3% (16/98) being methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The resistance proportions were penicillin 45.9% (45/98), tetracycline 33.7% (33/98), erythromycin 21.4% (21/98), cefoxitin 16.3% (16/98), clindamycin 6.1% (6/98), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 6.1% (6/98), gentamicin 3.1% (3/98), and ciprofloxacin 1.0% (1/98). Of the 98 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 20 (20.4%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) defined as resistance to three or more antibiotics.
conclusionThe prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was high with a significant proportion of isolates being MRSA, in raw milk from small-scale farmers. High proportions of antibiotic resistance and MDR patterns underscore the urgent need for improved antimicrobial stewardship and the promotion of responsible antibiotic use in dairy farming.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.