Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41495662›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

Genomic characterization of a virulent multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain isolated from meat rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in China.

Ruiming Zhang, Baoyan Wang, Yixuan Li, Jing Li, Xiangge Dong, Jiuyu Zhan, Xin Yu, Yang Liu, Jiayu Yu, Linlin Jiang and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ruiming Zhang *School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Baoyan Wang *School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Yixuan Li *School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Jing LiSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Xiangge DongSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Jiuyu ZhanSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Xin YuSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Yang LiuSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Jiayu YuSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Linlin JiangSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Jianlong ZhangSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China.
Hongwei ZhuSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China. hwzhu@ldu.edu.cn.
Xingxiao ZhangSchool of Life Sciences, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd., Zhifu District, Yantai, 264025, China. zhangxingxiao@ldu.edu.cn.
Youzhi LiShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring for Animal Products and Veterinary Drug Innovation, Jinan, 250100, China.

Funding

the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province 2022CXPT022the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China ZR2023MC049the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China ZR2024MC148the Shandong Province Poultry Industry Technology System SDAIT-11-10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSalmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen. While poultry is a known source, the threat from other livestock like rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is not well studied. This work investigates a highly virulent, multidrug-resistant (MDR) SE isolate, SE JL228, from a lethal rabbit farm outbreak in China in 2018. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance determinants, metal tolerance mechanisms, and virulence potential of a rabbit-derived isolate. This study provides important insights that advance our understanding of public and animal health risks.

resultsThis isolate exhibited resistance to 13 antibiotics within 8 antimicrobial categories as well as to silver (Ag

conclusionsThe rabbit-derived SE JL228 represents a highly virulent, MDR, and metal-tolerant pathogen. Its ability to invade hBMECs, survive within macrophages, and disseminate systemically underscores its zoonotic potential. Transferable plasmids combining resistance and virulence determinants suggest an increased risk of dissemination within farm environments and beyond. These findings emphasize the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, prudent antimicrobial use, and effective biosecurity measures to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of such hybrid pathogens.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGenome, BacterialSalmonella enteritidisSalmonella Infections, AnimalAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsChinaGenomicsHumansMiceMicrobial Sensitivity TestsRabbitsVirulenceVirulence FactorsWhole Genome SequencingAnti-Bacterial AgentsVirulence FactorsHigh virulenceIncFIB/IncHI2 hybrid plasmidMetal resistanceMultidrug-resistant (MDR)Salmonella Enteritidis

Identifiers

PMID41495662
PMCPMC12903752

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.