Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41495358›Full record

ReviewNature protocols2026

In vivo Raman spectroscopy for real-time biochemical assessment of tissue pathology and physiology.

Ezekiel J Haugen, Rekha Gautam, Andrea K Locke, Anita Mahadevan-Jansen

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ezekiel J HaugenVanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ezekiel.haugen@vanderbilt.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9416-9629
Rekha GautamVanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1176-8491
Andrea K LockeVanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Anita Mahadevan-JansenVanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. anita.mahadevan-jansen@vanderbilt.edu.

Funding

Dual-wavelength endoscopic Raman probe for eosinophilic esophagitisR01DK132338 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI MAHADEVAN-JANSEN, ANITA · 2022 to 2025
$1.7M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK132338U.S. Department of Health Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes Digestive Kidney Diseases) R01DK132338
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In vivo Raman spectroscopy (RS) enables fast, label-free evaluation of tissue biochemistry in situ with high molecular specificity. The Raman spectrum provides a chemical 'fingerprint' of tissue composition, facilitating investigations of dynamic changes in real-time in various physiological and pathophysiological states. This capability makes in vivo RS a promising approach for rapid diagnostics, surgical guidance and biological research. Despite its numerous advantages, the widespread acceptance of RS for in vivo measurements has been hindered by the lack of a standardized stepwise protocol. This protocol serves as a guide for applying RS in vivo and includes steps for proper instrument selection, system alignment, calibration, system parameter setup, in vivo data collection, instrument cleaning, spectral pre-processing, data analysis and interpretation. Troubleshooting information is described for overcoming challenges in acquiring in vivo RS data due to inherently weak Raman signals, variable tissue optical properties, autofluorescence background and interference from ambient lighting and off-target tissues. Specific steps for applying in vivo RS in the skin, cervix, esophagus and colon are described and can be readily adapted to probe other organs. Typical parameters for acquiring and processing in vivo Raman spectra, as well as example spectral output from different organs, are provided for reference. Ultimately, this standardized protocol serves as a guideline to enhance the repeatability of in vivo RS studies and further expand the adoption of this approach as a research and clinical tool.

Indexed as

Spectrum Analysis, RamanAnimalsHumansMice

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.