Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41495203›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Quantitative dissection of sexual dimorphism in mice through Y-linked gene knockouts and multivariate phenotyping.

Nobuhiko Tanaka, Kento Miura, Ai Ozaki, Yasuyo Kozawa, Masaru Tamura, Atsuo Ogura, Shogo Matoba

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nobuhiko Tanaka *Integrated Bioresource Information Division, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Kento MiuraIntegrative Developmental Engineering Division, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Ai OzakiTechnology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Yasuyo KozawaTechnology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Masaru TamuraTechnology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Atsuo OguraIntegrative Developmental Engineering Division, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan.
Shogo Matoba *Integrative Developmental Engineering Division, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan. shogo.matoba@riken.jp.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP18H04891Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP21K05993
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism (SDM) is regulated by sex chromosomes, yet the specific contribution of individual genes remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive phenotyping analysis to investigate the roles of Y chromosome-linked genes in SDM formation in mice. Using C57BL/6J mice, we identified 49 SDM traits across 14 biological systems. To assess gene-specific effects, we generated knockout (KO) mice for 10 unique Y-linked genes using CRISPR/Cas9. As expected, Sry KO resulted in feminization of most SDM traits, including gonadal sex. However, certain body size-related traits remained male-like, suggesting the involvement of additional Y-linked genes. Consistently, KOs of Uty and Usp9y significantly altered traits related to body and organ size. We further applied a dimensionality reduction approach to quantitatively capture SDM variation at the individual level, enabling visualization of phenotypic shifts in each KO mouse. Our findings demonstrate that non-Sry Y-linked genes contribute to SDM and introduce a generalizable framework for quantifying sex differences across individuals and species.

Indexed as

Genes, Y-LinkedSex CharacteristicsY ChromosomeAnimalsBody SizeFemaleGene Knockout TechniquesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutPhenotypeSex-Determining Region Y ProteinSex-Determining Region Y Protein

Identifiers

PMID41495203
PMCPMC12816655

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.