Trial reportScientific reports2026
Plasma growth differentiation factor-15 is associated with cardiovascular events in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developing and validating the CE-MACE model to predict 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events post-COPD exacerbation using routine healthcare data.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Risk During the 90-Day Vulnerable Window After COPD Exacerbations: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Simvastatin reduces growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a marker of cellular stress and inflammation, and Syndecan-1, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, have been suggested as prognostic biomarkers in plasma for MACE. We aimed to assess their association with a combined outcome of MACE or all-cause mortality over a 5-year period. This sub-study was embedded within the randomized controlled trial CORTICOsteroid reduction in COPD (CORTICO-COP), which investigated the effects of eosinophil-guided corticosteroid therapy in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). A total of 299 patients hospitalized with AECOPD were included in this analysis. Baseline plasma concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and Syndecan-1 were measured and stored in a biobank for later analysis. The primary outcome was MACE or all-cause mortality, secondary outcomes included heart failure, re-AECOPD, and all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) between low and high biomarker levels were adjusted for age, smoking, sex, GOLD class, and kidney insufficiency. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was reported for each model after 6 months and two years respectively. Among the 299 hospitalized AECOPD patients included in this sub-study of the randomized controlled trial CORTICOsteroid reduction in COPD (CORTICO-COP), higher baseline concentrations of GDF-15 were associated with an increased risk of the combined outcome of MACE or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.44, p = 0.007), as well as all-cause mortality alone (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.07-2.19, p = 0.02). GDF-15 showed moderate discriminative ability for survival, with an AUC of 64% at 6 months and 60% at 2 years. No significant associations were observed between GDF-15 and heart failure or hospital re-admission due to respiratory disease. Syndecan-1 concentrations were not associated with the combined endpoint or any of the secondary outcomes. GDF-15 may identify AECOPD patients at risk of MACE and all-cause mortality. Syndecan-1 has no predictive value in AECOPD patients.
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