ArticleRMD open2026
Associations between social determinants of health and long-term outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden.
Article in RMD open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sociodemographic determinants of disease severity in a public healthcare system : Evidence from keratoconus patients in Austria.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo examine the association between social determinants of health (SDH) and outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in a European setting.
methodsWe conducted a nationwide, register-based cohort study in Sweden including 2434 individuals aged 23-59 years with newly diagnosed SLE, 2005-2021. SDH were assessed at diagnosis and included education, income, marital status, work ability, unemployment and immigration status. Outcomes were organ damage (measured using the Lupus Register-Based Organ Damage Index) and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models estimated HRs, adjusting for age, sex and morbidity. Sensitivity analyses included SDH measured 2 years prior to diagnosis.
resultsDuring follow-up, a total of 1044 (42.4%) newly diagnosed patients with SLE developed organ damage and 140 (6%) died. There was an increased risk of organ damage associated with sick leave or disability (HR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.64), lower income (HR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.63), being divorced or widowed (HR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.54) at diagnosis. The same SDH were also associated with mortality, as was lower education level (HR: 1.67; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.66). Immigration status and unemployment did not associate with organ damage or mortality. Results were similar when examining SDH measured 2 years prior to diagnosis.
conclusionsIn this population-based SLE cohort, lower education, lower income, being divorced, widowed or single and reduced work ability were independently associated with increased risk of organ damage and mortality. These findings support integrating SDH into risk stratification models and equity-focused interventions to improve SLE care and outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.