ArticleThe Angle orthodontist2026
Relationship between body dysmorphic disorder, depression, and malocclusion severity in adolescents.
Article in The Angle orthodontist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Orthodontic Treatment Need: A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), orthodontic parameters, and the level of depression. Materials and Methods: A total of 205 adolescents (142 females, 63 males; aged 12-18) completed the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Orthodontic parameters, including skeletal malocclusion type, maxillary and mandibular anterior crowding, and Index of Treatment Need (IOTN) scores, were recorded. Associations were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: BDDQ positivity was observed in 69.8% (n = 143) of participants. BDDQ-positive individuals had significantly higher BDI scores compared to BDDQ-negative individuals (P < .001). No significant group differences were found in terms of age, crowding, IOTN scores, or skeletal malocclusion type. However, correlation analysis showed a weak but statistically significant negative association between malocclusion type and BDDQ positivity (r = -0.146, P = .042), and a moderate positive correlation between BDDQ positivity and BDI scores (r = 0.317, P < .001). Conclusions: BDD was significantly associated with depression levels. Although most orthodontic variables showed no direct relationship with BDD, malocclusion type demonstrated a weak but significant correlation.
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