ArticlePhysica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)2026
Using hydrated electron temporal measurement as dosimetry of individual electron FLASH beam pulses.
Article in Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Optical digital twins for disease prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and intervention.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Review
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6 authors.
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Abstract
purposeThis study explores the use of hydrated electron absorbance from water radiolysis as a real-time, tissue-equivalent dosimetry method for radiotherapy. While promising, its behavior under ultrahigh dose rates typical of FLASH radiotherapy remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between radiation dose and hydrated electron optical absorption under FLASH conditions.
methodsPure water in a quartz cuvette was irradiated with 9 MeV ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron beams, and transient absorbance profiles of hydrated electrons were measured using a multi-pass optical technique. The absorbance per unit radiation dose was quantified for each individual pulse and validated by radiochromic EBT-XD film.
resultsThe cumulative absorbance of hydrated electrons showed an inconsistent linear relationship with dose per pulse, but normalization by pulse width revealed a strong linear correlation with instantaneous dose rate. This enabled accurate pulse dose determination by multiplying the instantaneous dose rate by the known pulse width. Dose measurements obtained through hydrated electron detection showed strong agreement with film dosimetry within a 10 % margin across a wide range of average dose rates, from 32.7 Gy/s to 392.4 Gy/s.
conclusionWe present a hydrated electron-based method for indirect, pulse-resolved dose quantification in FLASH radiotherapy. The agreement between the calculated dose and radiochromic EBT-XD film measurements suggests that this approach holds promise for developing tissue-equivalent dosimeters for FLASH radiotherapy applications.
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