Observational studyESMO open2026
Real-world outcomes versus clinical trial results of first-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: the CORRELATE study.
Observational study in ESMO open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Outcomes of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Treatment With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy Targeting FLT3, IDH1, or IDH2.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Real-World Emulation of Landmark Lung Cancer Trials: A Registry-Based Reconstruction of KN189, KN407, IMpower133, and PACIFIC.Cancers · 2026Article
- Prior curative-intent treatment strategy affects progression outcomes of first-line immunotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Integrating cryoablation with immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and translational barriers.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent data suggest that real-world overall survival (rwOS) and progression-free survival (rwPFS) in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) receiving first-line immunotherapy-based regimens are shorter than reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This retrospective, observational study compared rwOS and rwPFS with outcomes observed in RCTs in patients with mNSCLC who received immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND
methodsEligible real-world (RW) patients from the United States Flatiron Enhanced Datamart had mNSCLC, started first-line treatment with an immunotherapy-based regimen between November 2016 and May 2021, and met key eligibility criteria per the registration RCTs for approved anti-programmed cell death (ligand) 1 [PD-(L)1]-based regimens: KEYNOTE-024, KEYNOTE-189, KEYNOTE-407, IMpower150, CheckMate 9LA, and CheckMate 227. rwOS and rwPFS were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, per regimen/study cohort in subgroups by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS; 0-1 or 2) and PD-L1 expression level (<1% or ≥1%). Efficacy-effectiveness factors (EEFs) quantified the gaps between RW and RCT outcomes.
resultsThe analysis included 2705 and 661 patients with ECOG PS 0-1 and 2, respectively. Patients in the RW cohorts were older with a greater proportion of females compared with the corresponding RCTs. Among patients with PS 0-1, EEFs showed that median rwOS was 36%-61% shorter and median rwPFS was 21%-60% shorter compared with the reference RCTs. For the RW cohorts with sufficient sample size to permit analysis in patients with PS 2, this subgroup showed even greater differences in outcomes versus RCTs. In the RW KEYNOTE-189 and KEYNOTE-407 PS 0-1 cohorts, the PD-L1 ≥1% subgroup had numerically higher median rwOS and rwPFS than the PD-L1 <1% subgroup.
conclusionsPD-(L)1 inhibitors have been established as the standard-of-care first-line therapy in mNSCLC; however, in this study, RW survival outcomes were considerably shorter than those reported in RCTs. These findings highlight a potential unmet need for more effective treatment options for patients with mNSCLC in RW practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.