SynthesisNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026
A meta-analytic approach to identification of clinical biomarkers of hearing loss in cognitive impairment.
Synthesis in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Therapeutic potential of edaravone and flurbiprofen in valproic acid-induced autism: Targeting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCognitive impairment (CI) and Hearing Loss (HL) are common in aging populations. Although longitudinal studies identify HL as a risk factor for CI, the reverse association remains unclear. This meta-analysis quantified the cross-sectional prevalence of HL in individuals with established CI and examined associated clinical and biological markers.
methodsA systematic search of EBSCOhost, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (Core Collection) was conducted for studies with a case-control or cohort design. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-E. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan 8.8 using fixed-effects models and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
resultsTwenty-four studies were included, comprising 6,091 patients with CI, 8,575 individuals with normal cognition, 1,584 CI/HL patients, and 4,507 CI/NH patients. Patients with CI had a markedly higher likelihood of hearing loss (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.39, 3.10, P < 0.00001). Pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds were significantly elevated in CI patients compared to those with normal cognition (MD = 5.97 dB, P < 0.00001). The likelihood of smoking was significantly higher in CI/HL patients (OR = 1.22, P = 0.02). APOE ε4 carrier genotype was significantly associated with CI/HL (OR = 1.15, P = 0.03). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, including elevated P-tau (MD = 1.96 pg/ml, P = 0.005) and T-tau (MD = 19.40 pg/ml, P < 0.0001), were significantly associated with HL in patients with CI.
conclusionHearing loss is substantially more prevalent in individuals with cognitive impairment. Smoking, APOE ε4 genotype, and elevated CSF tau proteins are significant concurrent markers. These findings support routine audiological screening in CI patients and suggest a complex, potentially bidirectional relationship between HL and CI.
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