Hotspot or blind spot? Fine-scale spatial heterogeneity and methodological bias in

Valentin Adrian Kiss, Bram Vanden Broecke, Sofie De Bruyckere, An Martel, Wendt Müller

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Valentin Adrian KissBehavioral Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.

Bram Vanden BroeckeBehavioral Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.

Sofie De BruyckereWildlife Health Ghent. Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology & Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

An MartelCentre for Research on Ecology, Cognition, and Behavior of Birds (Eco Bird), Department of Biology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

Wendt MüllerBehavioral Ecology and Ecophysiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urban wildlife populations often carry zoonotic pathogens that pose considerable public health risks through direct contact with humans. However, disease prevalence in urban settings is generally reported at the city level, which disregards spatial heterogeneity due to local differences in habitat structure or resource availability in the urban landscape. This study therefore examines the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of

Indexed as

Disease surveillanceHuman-wildlife interfaceMolecular screeningOne HealthPublic healthUrban ecosystemZoonotic pathogen

Identifiers

PMID41492479

DOI10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101293

PMCPMC12765271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.