Experiences of healthcare services among racial and ethnic groups in the U.S.

Objective: To examine differences in healthcare experiences by race and ethnicity in the U.S. Methods: Using pooled 2021 and 2023 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, we assessed differences in Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems measures between race and ethnicity groups (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, American Indiana/Alaska Native, and multiple race/ethnicities) with linear and logistic regression. Differences by income and education across race/ethnicity groups were examined in regression analyses stratified by race/ethnicity groups. Results: Asian adults reported lower overall ratings of services compared to White adults (coefficient = -0.31, 95 % confidence interval: -0.46, -0.17 on a scale from 0 [worst] to 10 [best care]). Compared to White adults, Hispanic, Black, and Asian adults were less likely to report accessing timely care or understanding provider communications. Income and education had the most consistent positive effects for White adults, but effects were greater in magnitude for Hispanic and Black adults. Conclusions: This study identifies significant differences in experiences of healthcare services in the U.S. across racial and ethnic groups, particularly related to accessing timely care and clear communication with providers. These findings highlight the role of structural inequities as a driver of healthcare disparities among minoritized populations in the U.S.