ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2025
Genomic surveillance indicates high site-specific heterogeneity of West Nile virus in mosquitoes in rural regions of Germany across seasons.
Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fine-scale heterogeneity and local amplification of West Nile virus in urban environments in Berlin.Nature communications · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Horses as a Sentinel Host in One Health Surveillance: Epidemiological Insights and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Diagnosis and Surveillance of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses: Current Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Phylodynamic analyses reveal persistence and extensive intermixing of Usutu virus in the Netherlands.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- The genomic diversity of arthropod-specific viruses reinforces the continental distribution pattern of Aedes aegypti.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ecology of West Nile virus (WNV) is complex, making it a prime example of the One Health approach. The transmission of WNV to humans depends on multiple factors, such as the presence of amplifying avian hosts and competent mosquito vectors. The abundance of the latter is influenced by land cover, temperature and climate. WNV lineage 2 has been endemic in Europe since around 2004, in Germany since 2018 with recurrent seasonal outbreaks. Endemic areas appear to be relatively stable, such as the Emilia-Romagna region in north-eastern Italy, Macedonia in central Greece and Saxony in eastern Germany. WNV sequences from affected regions are typically monophyletic, indicating regional maintenance. However, there is little knowledge on WNV dispersal and maintenance on a small spatial scale. WNV is maintained in mosquitoes over seasons, but due to a lack of genomic surveillance, it is not known whether this leads to localized persistence of WNV and how endemic virus variants disperse. In this study, we combined field sampling of adult mosquitoes at a small spatial scale over two seasons with WNV genome analyses, including testing of 15,672 mosquitoes of the genus
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