Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41491791›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

Standardizing vaginal microbial profiling: evaluating swab materials, storage conditions, and host DNA depletion strategies.

Jiwoo Seo, Ruvie Pearl Araneta, Jung Hwa Lee, Jake Adolf Montecillo, Heon Jong Yoo, Yoo-Young Lee, Chul Min Park, Angela Cho, Hyunsu Lee, Hee Yeun Yoon and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. HPV vaccination associates withFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Jiwoo Seo *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Ruvie Pearl Araneta *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Jung Hwa LeeDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Jake Adolf MontecilloDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Heon Jong YooCenter for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
Yoo-Young LeeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
Chul Min ParkDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, 35015, Republic of Korea.
Angela ChoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, 35015, Republic of Korea.
Hyunsu LeeDepartment of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
Hee Yeun YoonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
Min Ju KimDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
Jong Mi KimClinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41405, Republic of Korea.
Yoon Hee LeeClinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41405, Republic of Korea.
Nan Young LeeDepartment of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41405, Republic of Korea.
Nora Jee-Young ParkClinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41405, Republic of Korea.
Hyung Soo HanClinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41405, Republic of Korea.
Incheol SeoDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. iseo@knu.ac.kr.
Gun Oh ChongClinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41405, Republic of Korea. gochong@knu.ac.kr.

Funding

Ministry of Health and Welfare RS-2023-KH135444
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies on understanding female health from a microbial perspective have proliferated in recent years; however, validated protocols for swab materials, storage conditions, and host DNA depletion remain limited for vaginal microbiome studies. This study investigates these critical aspects to enhance microbial profiling accuracy.

resultsThree swab materials were evaluated, with minimal variations in bacterial composition observed across different swab materials. The DNA yield and host DNA contamination remained comparable. Mock samples, used to assess the effects of storage conditions (without freezing, -20 °C, and -80 °C), revealed no significant impact on microbial composition. Additionally, the NEBNext® Microbiome DNA Enrichment Kit demonstrated effective performance in host DNA removal and bacterial community recovery, even with reduced reagent volumes.

conclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of optimizing swab selection and host DNA depletion strategies to enhance microbiome profiling in clinical samples.

Indexed as

BacteriaMicrobiotaSpecimen HandlingVaginaDNA, BacterialDNA ContaminationFemaleHumansMetagenomicsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDNA, BacterialRNA, Ribosomal, 16S16S rRNA sequencingHost DNA depletionMicrobial profilingShotgun metagenomicsStorage conditionsSwab materialsVaginal microbiome

Identifiers

PMID41491791
PMCPMC12771794

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.