ArticleBMC pediatrics2026
Prevalence and factors associated with preterm small-for-gestational-age neonates: a multi-center survey in China.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeSmall-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants represent major global health challenges, contributing significantly to neonatal mortality and long-term developmental morbidity. When compounded by preterm birth, the risks for adverse neonatal and long-term outcomes escalate dramatically. Research on preterm SGA neonates remains limited. This study aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with preterm SGA neonates in China to break through the bottleneck of disease prevention and treatment.
methodsA retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 23 provinces in China from 2011 to 2017. Detailed information on maternal characteristics, medical history was collected from medical records. The χ
resultsThe prevalence of preterm SGA infants was 7.9%(1267/15734) in all singleton live-birth preterm infants. 159 preterm SGA infants at < 32weeks, 124 preterm SGA infants at 32 ~ 33weeks, 984 preterm SGA infants at 34 ~ 36weeks compared with 12,973 AGA infants. Hypertension disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and Category III fetal heart rate tracings were strongly associated with three preterm SGA subgroups. HDP was the strongest factor for preterm SGA at < 32weeks( aOR = 8.180, 95% CI 5.778 ~ 11.582). Category III fetal heart rate tracings was the factor with the highest OR value for preterm SGA at 32 ~ 33weeks (aOR = 4.785, 95% CI 3.049-7.508). Placental abruption was strongly associated with preterm SGA at < 32weeks (aOR = 7.073, 95% CI 3.102 ~ 16.127) and 32 ~ 33weeks(aOR = 6.055, 95% CI 2.309 ~ 15.878). Oligohydramnios(aOR = 6.526, 95% CI 2.309 ~ 16.887) was strongly associated with preterm SGA at 32 ~ 33weeks. GDM was a protective factor for preterm SGA at 34 ~ 36weeks(aOR = 0.516, 95% CI 0.343 ~ 0.778).
conclusionDifferent preterm SGA subgroups had different risk profiles. HDP and placenta abruption were more predictive of early preterm SGA. Category III fetal heart rate tracings and oligohydramnios were more predictive of moderate preterm SGA. GDM was a protective factor for late preterm SGA. Consequently, we underscore the importance of creating interventions that are tailored to particular gestational ages, rather than adopting a generalized approach, in order to effectively prevent preterm SGA outcomes.
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